Timeline of materials technology Totally Explained

Everything about Timeline Of Materials Technology totally explained

Timeline of materials technology

BC

29,000–25,000 BC - First ceramic appears
3rd millennium BC - Copper metallurgy is invented and copper is used for ornamentation
2nd millennium BC - Bronze is used for weapons and armour
1st millennium BC - Pewter beginning to be used in China and Egypt
16th century BC - The Hittites develop crude iron metallurgy
13th century BC - Invention of steel when iron and charcoal are combined properly
10th century BC - Glass production begins in Greece and Syria
50s BC - Glassblowing techniques flourish in Phoenicia
20s BC - Roman architect Vitruvius describes low-water-content method for mixing concrete

1st millennium

200s - Steel making widely used in Han Dynasty China

700s - Porcelain is invented in Tang Dynasty China

2nd millennium

1448 - Johann Gutenberg develops type metal alloy

1450s - Cristallo, a clear soda-based glass is invented by Angelo Barovier

1540 - Vannoccio Biringuccio publishes first systematic book on metallurgy

1556 - Georg Agricola's influential book on metallurgy

1590 - Glass lenses are developed in the Netherlands and used for the first time in microscopes and telescopes

18th century

1738 - William Champion patents a process for the production of metallic zinc by distillation from calamine and charcoal

1740 - Benjamin Huntsman developed the crucible steel technique

1779 - Bry Higgins issued a patent for hydraulic cement (stucco) for use as an exterior plaster

1799 - Alessandro Volta makes a copper/zinc acid battery

19th century

1821 - Thomas Johann Seebeck invents the thermocouple

1824 - Patent issued to Joseph Aspin for Portland cement

1825 - Hans Christian Ørsted produces metallic aluminium

1839 - Charles Goodyear invents vulcanized rubber

1839 - Louis Daguerre and William Fox Talbot invent silver-based photographic processes

1855 - Bessemer process for mass production of steel patented

1861 - James Clerk Maxwell demonstrates color photography

1883 - Charles Fritts makes the first solar cells using selenium waffles.

20th century

1902 - Auguste Verneuil develops the Verneuil process for making synthetic rubies

1909 - Leo Baekeland presents the Bakelite hard thermosetting plastic

1911 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers Superconductivity

1912 - Harry Brearley invents stainless steel

1916 - Jan Czochralski invents a method for growing single crystals of metals

1924 - Corning Incorporated scientists invent Pyrex, a glass with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion

1931 - Julius Nieuwland develops the synthetic rubber called neoprene (see also: E.K. Bolton, Wallace Carothers)

1931 - Wallace Carothers develops nylon

1938 - Roy Plunkett discovers the process for making poly-tetrafluoroethylene, better known as Teflon

1939 - Robert W. Cahn confirmed the existence of dislocations (line defects whose movement under stress allows metals to deform plastically), explaining the discrepancy between the very high predicted resistance to plasticity of perfect metal crystals, compared to the much smaller measured values of actual pure metal crystals.

1947 - First germanium point-contact transistor invented

1947 - First commercial application of a piezoelectric ceramic: barium titanate used as a phonograph needle

1951 - Individual atoms seen for the first time using the Field ion microscope

1953 - Karl Ziegler discovers metallic catalysts which greatly improve the strength of polyethylene polymers

1954 - 6% efficiency silicon solar cells made at Bell Laboratories

1954 - invention of AOD refining (Argon Oxygen Decarburization)

1959 - Pilkington Brothers patent the float glass process

1962 - SQUID superconducting quantum interference device invented

1968 - Liquid crystal display developed by RCA

1970 - Silica optical fibers grown by Corning Incorporated

1980 - development of duplex stainless steels which resist oxidation in chlorides

3rd millennium

21st century

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